The **Rufous-necked Hornbill** (*Aceros nipalensis*) is a large, striking bird found primarily in the forests of Southeast Asia, including regions of Bhutan, India, and Myanmar. This hornbill is easily recognized by its bright rufous-colored neck, large yellowish bill, and striking black-and-white plumage. Males and females can be differentiated by the color of their eyes—males have red irises, while females have white. Rufous-necked Hornbills prefer dense evergreen forests and are often found in areas with tall, mature trees, which they rely on for nesting.

These hornbills are primarily frugivorous, feeding on a variety of fruits, particularly figs, but they will also consume small animals, insects, and reptiles when fruit is scarce. Their diet plays a crucial role in seed dispersal within their ecosystem, helping maintain the health of tropical forests. Rufous-necked Hornbills are known for their strong, loud calls, often heard echoing through the forest canopy before the birds themselves are seen.

Breeding for the Rufous-necked Hornbill involves a fascinating process where the female seals herself inside a tree cavity using mud, leaving only a small opening through which the male passes food. The female remains sealed in the nest until the chicks are ready to fledge. Unfortunately, this species is listed as **Vulnerable** on the IUCN Red List, largely due to habitat loss and hunting, making conservation efforts critical for its survival.