The Black-and-yellow Tanager (*Chrysothlypis chrysomelas*) is a vibrant bird species native to the tropical forests of South America, particularly found in parts of Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Known for its striking coloration and lively behavior, this tanager belongs to the family Thraupidae, which includes various brightly colored birds commonly known as tanagers.

The Black-and-yellow Tanager is aptly named for its bold and contrasting plumage. It features a glossy black head, back, and wings, with bright yellow underparts that extend from the throat down to the belly and undertail coverts. Its eyes are dark and striking against its colorful face. The species exhibits sexuаl dimorphism, with males typically displaying more intense colors than females.

This tanager species inhabits the dense tropical forests of its range, favoring humid and lowland areas. It is often found in the mid to upper levels of the forest canopy, where it forages for fruits, berries, and insects. Due to its preference for forested habitats, the Black-and-yellow Tanager may also be found in forest edges and adjacent clearings.

The Black-and-yellow Tanager is an active and social bird, often observed in pairs or small groups as they move through the forest canopy in search of food. It feeds primarily on fruits and insects, using its sharp, pointed bill to glean insects from foliage and to pluck fruits from trees. During the breeding season, these tanagers may also consume small arthropods to supplement their diet.

Breeding habits of the Black-and-yellow Tanager are relatively understudied, but like many tanagers, they are believed to build cup-shaped nests made of plant fibers, mosses, and spider silk. Nests are typically placed in the fork of a tree branch or secured against the trunk. Both parents share incubation duties and care for the chicks, which fledge after a few weeks.

The conservation status of the Black-and-yellow Tanager is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List, indicating that it is not currently facing significant threats that would warrant a higher rιsk category. However, like many tropical bird species, it may be vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation due to deforestation and agricultural expansion in its range.