The common starling (Sturnus vulgaris), also known as the European starling or simply the starling in Britain and Ireland, is a medium-sized songbird belonging to the starling family (Sturnidae). At about 8 inches (20 cm) long, it boasts glossy black plumage with an iridescent metallic sheen that can appear speckled with white at certain times of the year. Their legs are pink, and their bills transform from black in winter to bright yellow in summer. Juveniles have browner feathers than adults. These birds are known for their vocalizations, forming noisy flocks that create a cacophony of chirps, whistles, and clicks.

Originally from Asia, the common starling has been introduced and thrives in many parts of the world, including Europe, Africa, North and South America, and Australia. Highly adaptable, they can be found in diverse habitats ranging from bustling cities and farms to woodlands and grasslands.

The common starling is a highly social bird, often forming large flocks that can number in the milliоns. These impressive flocks perform mesmerizing aerial displays, swirling and morphing into complex shapes and patterns. As omnivores, their diet consists of a variety of food sources, including insects, fruits, seeds, and grains.

Common starlings play a vital role in the ecosystem by helping to control insect populations. They also contribute to seed dispersal and plant pollination. However, they can also be agricultural pests and compete with native bird species for resources.

The common starling is a widespread and abundant bird, not currently considered endangered. However, their numbers are declining in some areas due to habitat loss and competition with other birds.

The relationship between humans and common starlings is complex. They are often seen as agricultural nuisances and sources of noise. On the other hand, some people appreciate their beauty and intelligence. For centuries, starlings have been kept as pets and trained birds.