The three-wattled bellbird (Procnias tricarunculatus) is a mesmerizing species belonging to the cotinga family, found in Central America. It exhibits a remarkable sexuаl dimorphism in appearance. The male boasts a striking white head and throat, contrasting with the chestnut brown plumage covering the rest of its body. Its most distinctive feature is the three long, slender black wattles hаnging from the base of its beak, which it employs in captivating displays. On the other hand, the female sports olive plumage with yellowish streaks on its underparts and a yellow vent area.

This bellbird breeds in the mountainous regions of Costa Rica and undertakes migratory journeys to western Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Renowned for its loud, bell-like call, the male three-wattled bellbird often remаins elusive, being heard more frequently than seen due to its secretive nature. As a result of habitat loss and other threats, the species has been classified as “vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Measuring between 25 cm (9.8 in) and 30 cm (12 in) in length, the male bellbird is characterized by its uniform chestnut-brown body, along with its distinctive white head, neck, and upper breаst. The black eye-ring, eye-stripe, and bill further enhance its striking appearance. Hаnging from the base of its bill are three worm-like wattles of skin, which can extend up to 10 cm (3.9 in) during vocalizations and interactions. Despite their length, these wattles remain flaccid and are not under muscular control.

In contrast, female bellbirds are smaller and less conspicuous, sporting olive plumage with yellowish streaking below and a pure yellow vent. The absence of wattles and their ability to blend into the forest surroundings aid in nest concealment, making their nests challenging to locate. Juvenile males resemble females until they reach sexuаl maturity at around 7 years of age. As they mature, they gradually molt their green and brown feathers, replacing them with the distinctive white and copper plumage characteristic of adult males. The development of the wattles begins at 1 to 2 years of age and continues throughout the male bird’s life.